Vitamin d deficiency in breastfed infants

    vitamin d deficiency in breastfed infants
    vitamin d deficiency in breastfed babies
    vitamin d deficiency in exclusively breastfed infants
    do breastfed babies lack vitamin d
  • Vitamin d deficiency in breastfed infants
    • Vitamin D can be used during breastfeeding; higher doses require infant monitoring.

    Vitamin D is crucial for calcium metabolism and bone health, and it also has extra-skeletal actions, involving innate and adaptive immunity..

    Vitamin D deficiency in children has been linked to adverse effects, such as growth failure and rickets.

    Although vitamin D is available in several foods and drinks, recent estimates suggest the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among infants, children, and adolescents is between 12 and 24 percent.1,2 Infants who are breastfed appear to be at higher risk of vitamin D deficiency.

    Family physicians should understand current recommendations for vitamin D supplementation, and be prepared to educate parents about breastfeeding, sun precautions, and nutrition throughout childhood and adolescence.

    Vitamin D in Health and Disease

    Vitamin D plays several important roles in the metabolism and absorption of other minerals in the body.

    No.

  • No.
  • Infants who are exclusively breastfed but who do not receive supplemental vitamin D or adequate sunlight exposure are at increased risk of developing vitamin D.
  • Vitamin D is crucial for calcium metabolism and bone health, and it also has extra-skeletal actions, involving innate and adaptive immunity.
  • Exclusively breastfed infants are at a high risk of vitamin D deficiency.
  • Hypovitaminosis D and vitamin D deficiency in exclusively breast-feeding infants and their mothers in summer: a justification for vitamin D supplementation.

    • Vitamin D is essential for facilitating calcium metabolism and bone mineralization; is beneficial for phosphate and magnesium metabolism; and stimulates protein expression in the intestinal wall to promote calcium absorption.

    Low levels of vitamin D lead to the release of parathyroid hormone, which causes calcium mobilization from the bone. Over time,

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